The Jews of the Russian Empire in the system of education modernization: forms of incorporation and preservation of national and religious identity (on the example of Dagestan)

Abstract

The education sector is one of the priority areas in the Russian modernization at the present stage of development. In the conditions of multinational Russia, the question of its national component becomes especially urgent. Taking into account the understanding of the development of an acceptable state policy and the impossibility of neglecting the historical experience of previous eras, in particular the experience of the Russian Empire, the article attempts to consider issues related to the functioning of national schools in the context of the policy of Russification of the periphery using the example of one of the ethnic groups - the Jewish population. The article is devoted to the analysis of the creation of a system of national schools through the introduction of the Russian language in the conditions of the functioning of an extensive network of educational institutions of a religious type in the conditions of overdue modernization in the empire. Dagestan has been chosen as a geographic area for the research as a region where the Mountain Jews historically lived. The chronological framework of the study focuses on the period of the turn of the XIX - early XX centuries, which is explained by attempts to monopolize the Russian educational system and the introduction of restrictive measures in relation to the ethno-confessional school. Such a study, as an experience of the state policy of the Russian Empire on the organization of education for various ethnic groups, makes it possible to identify the positive and negative aspects in the process under consideration, which will allow to avoid the repetition of similar mistakes in the new Russia in the future. Official documentary materials stored in the funds of the central and local archives of the Russian Federation, memoirs, materials from periodicals have been used in the research.

Keywords

• russia
• dagestan
• empire
• the jewish population
• education
• religion