<i>Lavandula dentata</i> L.: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of Its Essential Oil
Youness El Abdali,
Abdelkrim Agour,
Aimad Allali,
Mohammed Bourhia,
Abdelfattah El Moussaoui,
Noureddine Eloutassi,
Ahmad Mohammed Salamatullah,
Abdulhakeem Alzahrani,
Lahcen Ouahmane,
Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud,
John P. Giesy,
Abdelhak Bouia
Affiliations
Youness El Abdali
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
Abdelkrim Agour
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
Aimad Allali
Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
Mohammed Bourhia
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, AgroSciences and Environment, Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N° 4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
Abdelfattah El Moussaoui
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
Noureddine Eloutassi
Laboratory of Pedagogy and Technological Innovation, Regional Centre of Education and Formation Professions, Fez 30050, Morocco
Ahmad Mohammed Salamatullah
Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11 P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11 P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Lahcen Ouahmane
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, AgroSciences and Environment, Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N° 4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
John P. Giesy
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
Abdelhak Bouia
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
Antioxidant, antifungal and insecticidal activities of essential oil (EO) extracted from the Moroccan lavender (Lavandula dentata) were investigated and their chemical constituents determined. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses (GC-MS) were used to examine the phytochemical composition of EO. Antioxidant potential was examined in vitro by use of three tests: DPPH inhibition, reducing power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Antifungal activity was assessed by calculating inhibition of growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum. Repellent potential and toxicity of EO by contact and inhalation were performed against Callosobruchus maculatus. Sixteen constituents were detected in the EO of Lavandula dentata. The major component was linalool (45.06%) followed by camphor (15.62%) and borneol (8.28%). EO exhibited a significant antioxidant activity, as measured by DPPH and FRAP assays, with IC50 and EC50 values of 12.95 ± 1.300 mg/mL and 11.88 ± 0.23 mg/mL, respectively. EO of lavender exhibited total antioxidant capacity of 81.28 ± 2.28 mg AAE/g EO. EO of lavender showed an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth against tested fungi and was 100% in the case of B. cinerea. EO caused total mortality of adult C. maculatus from 5 µL/L air with LC50 value of 4.01 µL/L air. Significant reduction in numbers of eggs laid (99.2%) and emergence (100%) was observed in a dose-dependent manner up to maxima of 100% and 99.2%, respectively. EO of lavender also showed a moderate potency to repel insects with a mean of 34.44%. EO of Moroccan Lavandula dentata has potential to be an effective natural agent against free radical damage and could be an environmentally friendly alternative bio-fungicide and bio-insecticide.
