Literary Arts (Dec 2018)
Comparative critical study of riming prose in Persian and Arabic Rhetoric
Abstract
AbstractRiming prose which is a Figure of speech based on array of words, has beendiscussed in most rhetorical works of Persian and Arabic. The purpose of this articleis the evolution of this figure of speech critically and comparatively from early daysof writing rhetoric books to the contemporary time. For this purpose, the historicaldevelopment of this figure of speech has been investigated based on the time andlanguage of writing these rhetorical works. Different definitions about this figure ofspeech are presented in these works, some of which have been translated andnarrated from previous works. Altogether, equality of end and rhythm of words arethe main criterions of riming prose but each of the authors has expressed this equalityand harmony in various ways and presented different views on it.In this article, for better understand and ease of work, types of riming prose andrelated figures of speech to it have been categorized and criticized differently.Riming prose for observance the principles and rules of equality, and its position atthe end of the dialects has been divided into parallel, symmetrical and lop- sidedtypes. For this reason, we recall these types main that are located in their main place;at the end of spoken parts and phrases. Riming prose for the length of the rimedprose sentences and the number of these words are divided in the form of Short,medium and long. Given the main position of riming prose, if this figure of speech isused in most of the words of the spoken parts and sentences or in the middle terms ofthem, some of other forms of figures of speech are created which inlaying,Parallelism and Guaranteed Portmanteau are the most important ones. And if themain types of riming prose are used in the poem or more precisely, in the parts andsections of hemistiches and verses, other figures of speech are created such as tashtir,tasmit, and tajziye. Some of the types that rhetorical scholars and authors have comeup with the following of riming prose are completely null and void, and indication oftheir ignorance and inattention in the historical background of riming prose. Theyhave been added these types with the aim of creation and innovating without anyrules and regulations. For this reason, these types have been studied below in vaintypes.After studying the evolution of the types of riming prose and all figures of speechmentioned and comparing Arabic and Iranian experts' outlooks in different periods,this can be concluded that there are slight differences regarding principles and M. A. Student of Persian Languages and Literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, [email protected] Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Mashhad, IranReceived: 13/07/2015 Accepted: 15/03/2016This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International LicenseLiterary Arts, 10th Year, No. 25, Winter 2018-201910methods of using riming prose. Persian rhetoricians have been affected by Arabicrhetoricians for the totality of investigated figures and they have created slightinnovations in methods and rules of figures of speech. However, there aredeficiencies in defining riming prose and its principles and rules which resulted indeviations and errors in defining its types at the level of the word and in the poem.
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