Inter-Multilevel Super-Orthogonal Space–Time Coding Scheme for Reliable ZigBee-Based IoMT Communications

Shang-Chih Ma; Mohammad Alkhaleefah; Yang-Lang Chang; Joon Huang Chuah; Wen-Yen Chang; Chiung-Shen Ku; Meng-Che Wu; Lena Chang

doi:10.3390/s22072695

Sensors (Mar 2022)

Inter-Multilevel Super-Orthogonal Space–Time Coding Scheme for Reliable ZigBee-Based IoMT Communications

Shang-Chih Ma,
Mohammad Alkhaleefah,
Yang-Lang Chang,
Joon Huang Chuah,
Wen-Yen Chang,
Chiung-Shen Ku,
Meng-Che Wu,
Lena Chang

Affiliations

Shang-Chih Ma: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
Mohammad Alkhaleefah: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
Yang-Lang Chang: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
Joon Huang Chuah: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Wen-Yen Chang: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
Chiung-Shen Ku: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
Meng-Che Wu: National Space Organization, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
Lena Chang: Department of Communications, Navigation and Control Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072695
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 22, no. 7
p. 2695

Abstract

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The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has revolutionized the healthcare industry by enabling a new paradigm for healthcare delivery. This paradigm is known as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). IoMT devices are typically connected via a wide range of wireless communication technologies, such as Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), ZigBee, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks. The ZigBee protocol is considered to be an ideal protocol for IoMT communication due to its low cost, low power usage, easy implementation, and appropriate level of security. However, maintaining ZigBee’s high reliability is a major challenge due to multi-path fading and interference from coexisting wireless networks. This has increased the demand for more efficient channel coding schemes that can achieve a more reliable transmission of vital patient data for ZigBee-based IoMT communications. To meet this demand, a novel coding scheme called inter-multilevel super-orthogonal space–time coding (IM-SOSTC) can be implemented by combining the multilevel coding and set partitioning of super-orthogonal space–time block codes based on the coding gain distance (CGD) criterion. The proposed IM-SOSTC utilizes a technique that provides inter-level dependency between adjacent multilevel coded blocks to facilitate high spectral efficiency, which has been compromised previously by the high coding gain due to the multilevel outer code. In this paper, the performance of IM-SOSTC is compared to other related schemes via a computer simulation that utilizes the quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel. The simulation results show that IM-SOSTC outperforms other related coding schemes and is capable of providing the optimal trade-off between coding gain and spectral efficiency whilst guaranteeing full diversity and low complexity.

Published in Sensors

ISSN: 1424-8220 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology: Chemical technology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors

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