Comparative genomics reveals the molecular mechanism of salt adaptation for zoysiagrasses

Abstract

Abstract Background Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is a warm-season turfgrass. It is widely used as turfgrasses throughout the world, offers good turf qualities, including salt tolerance, resistance to drought and heat. However, the underlying genetic mechanism of zoysiagrass responsive to salt stress remains largely unexplored. Results In present study, we performed a whole-genome comparative analysis for ten plant genomes. Evolutionary analysis revealed that Chloridoideae diverged from Panicoideae approximately 33.7 million years ago (Mya), and the phylogenetic relationship among three zoysiagrasses species suggested that Zoysia matrella may represent an interspecific hybrid between Zoysia japonica and Zoysia pacifica. Genomic synteny indicated that Zoysia underwent a genus-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD) event approximately 20.8 Mya. The expression bais of homologous genes between the two subgenomes suggested that the B subgenome of Z. japonica contributes to salt tolerance. In additon, comparative genomic analyses revealed that the salt adaptation of Zoysia is likely attributable to the expanded cytochrome P450 and ABA biosynthetic gene families. Furthermore, we further found that many duplicated genes from the extra WGD event exhibited distinct functional divergence in response to salt stress using transcriptomic analysis, suggesting that this WGD event contributed to strong resistance to salt stress. Conclusions Here, our results revealed that expanded cytochrome P450 and ABA biosynthetic gene families, and many of those duplicated genes from recent zoysia-specific WGD event contributed to salt adaptation of zoysiagrass, which provided insight into the genetic underpinning of salt adaptation and valuable information for further studies on salt stress-related traits in Zoysia.

Keywords

• Zoysia
• Comparative analysis
• Whole-genome duplication
• Salt adaptation