Green Analytical Chemistry (Sep 2023)
Magnetic nanoparticles and cationic surfactants for the extraction and determination of phenolic compounds in environmental and biological samples
Abstract
The present study describes the use of Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with cationic surfactants as sorbent for solid phase extraction of trace amounts of oxymetazoline (OXM) and vancomycin hydrochloride (VAN) from environmental water and urine samples. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-coated and benzalkonium chloride-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used as sorbents for adsorption and desorption of orange-yellow azo dyes that formed from the coupling reaction of the studied drugs with the diazotized sulfadimidine sodium in alkaline medium. The extracted azo dyes were estimated spectrophotometrically at λmax of 496 and 442 nm for OXM and VAN, respectively. The extraction efficiency was enhanced by optimizing different parameters, such as the amount of surfactants, reagent and the sorbent, pH of the solution, sample volume, extraction time and desorption variables. Under optimum conditions, the linearity and detection limits for OXM (0.05–6, 0.028 µg/mL) and VAN (0.1–6, 0.069 µg/mL) were determined. The accuracy of the suggested method was assessed by recovery measurements on spiked environmental water samples and urine samples. High recovery percentage (96–99%) with low value of relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 5) of less than 3.9% were achieved for both drugs.
