Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes in Various Chronic Liver Diseases: Hype or Hope?

Abstract

Lujian Zhu,1,* Qin Wang,1,* Maodong Guo,2 Hao Fang,3 Ting Li,4 Yin Zhu,5 Huimian Jiang,6 Peiguang Xiao,2 Minli Hu2 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Traumatology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Enze Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Minli Hu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Chronic liver conditions are associated with high mortality rates and have a large adverse effect on human well-being as well as a significant financial burden. Currently, the only effective treatment available for the effects of liver failure and cirrhosis resulting from the progression of several chronic liver diseases is liver transplantation carried out at the original location. This implies that developing novel and effective treatments is imperative. Regenerative medicine has long been associated with stem cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of cell with great differentiation potential, have become the preferred source for stem cell therapy. According to recent studies, MSCs’ paracrine products—rather than their capacity for differentiation—play a significant therapeutic effect. MSC exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV), came into view as the paracrine substances of MSCs. According to research, MSC exosomes can maintain tissue homeostasis, which is necessary for healthy tissue function. All tissues contain them, and they take part in a variety of biological activities that support cellular activity and tissue regeneration in order to preserve tissue homeostasis. The outcomes support the use of MSCs and the exosomes they produce as a therapeutic option for a range of diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the source of MSC-EVs and outlines their physiological roles and biochemical capabilities. The elucidation of the role of MSC-EVs in the recovery and repair of hepatic tissues, as well as their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis, is discussed in relation to different chronic liver diseases. This review aims to provide new insights into the unique roles that MSC-EVs play in the treatment of chronic liver diseases.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, liver disease, immunomodulation, tissue homeostasis

Keywords

• mesenchymal stem cells
• exosomes
• liver disease
• immunomodulation
• tissue homeostasis