The impact of indoor and outdoor exercise programs on anthropometric, body composition, metabolic status, cardiovascular response, and neuromuscular capacity in individuals with Intellectual Developmental Disabilities
Miguel Jacinto,
Rui Matos,
Diogo Monteiro,
Raul Antunes,
André Caseiro,
Beatriz Gomes,
Maria João Campos,
José Pedro Ferreira
Affiliations
Miguel Jacinto
University of Coimbra – Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
Rui Matos
ESECS – Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
Diogo Monteiro
ESECS – Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal;; Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Raul Antunes
ESECS – Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal; Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
André Caseiro
University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF)
Beatriz Gomes
University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF)
Maria João Campos
University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF)
José Pedro Ferreira
University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF)
The increase in overweight and obesity among individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) also increases the deterioration of functionality and the risk of developing chronic diseases. Physical exercise has been identified as an effective strategy for reducing overweight and obesity and promoting health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an indoor and outdoor exercise programme on individuals with IDD. Were split by convenience into three groups twenty-one adults with IDD (43.04 ± 11.18 years): i) an indoor training group (IG; N=7; 24-week machine-based gym intervention), ii) an outdoor training group (OG; N=7; 24-week outdoor intervention with low-content materials), and iii) a control group (CG; N=7). Various variables were assessed, including indicators of health and neuromuscular capacity. The Shapiro-Wilk (n<50) and Levene tests were used to verify data normality and homoscedasticity. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to understand if there were differences between the groups. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman test were used to understand if there were differences between moments. The effect size was calculated, and the significance level was defined at 0.05. There was a difference in fat mass in OG (pré ≠ intermediate; Bonferroni corrected: t=2.405; p=0.048; W=0.08 and pré ≠ post moments; Bonferroni corrected: t=2.405; p=0.048; W=0.08). Indoor intervention programs seem to be more effective than outdoor intervention programs for reducing heart rate rest (t=-2.912; p=0.011; W=-0.104) when compared with CG. A low-cost outdoor exercise program intervention in contact with nature seems more effective in reducing fat mass. An indoor exercise program intervention using weight machines appears to be a suitable method for promoting neuromuscular capacity.
