Modern aspects of surgical neuromodulation

Abstract

The review focuses on modern application of surgical neuromodulation method for different diseases and pathological conditions. The method, initially designed and applied for deep brain stimulation, is now widely used in many fields of clinical medicine, and the effect is exerted not only by electrical stimuli. The main criterion to classify method as a variant of neuromodulation is the presence of implantable device, which allows minimizing the action of electric, magnetic, ultrasound impulses or pharmacological compounds, with a decrease in the incidence of adverse effects and the precision of modulation parameters. International experience of neuromodulation in the treatment of extrapyramidal hyperkinesias, drug-resistant epilepsy and drug-resistant pain syndromes of different origin is analyzed, and that results are compared with the data obtained by the neurosurgical team from Research Center of Neurology. Several unique authors inventions allowed improving the precision of electrode positioning for deep brain stimulation (microelectrode registration) and for chronic epidural stimulation in spastic syndromes.

Keywords

• neuromodulation
• deep brain stimulation
• chronic epidural stimulation
• intrathecal baclofen therapy
• extrapyramidal hyperkinesias
• parkinson s diseases
• neuropathic pain