Xanthogranulomatous Orchitis Mimicking a Testicular Malignancy: A Rare Case with Brief Review of Literature

Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis (XGO) is a rare, distinct type of chronic inflammation causing destruction of the tissue by infiltrate of lipid laden macrophages. It is commonly seen in the gall bladder, kidney and is rarely reported in the testis. Authors hereby, report report a case of a 32-year-old man who presented with a swelling in the right testis since 3 weeks. On clinical examination, ultrasound findings, a provisional diagnosis of testicular neoplasm was made. Simple right orchidectomy was performed and on histopathological examination the testis was found to be replaced with large lipid laden macrophages (Xanthoma cells) along with lymphocytes, foci of necrosis and hemorrhage, a diagnosis of XGO was rendered. The preoperative diagnosis of XGO is very challenging as the condition often mimics a testicular neoplasm, thus the final diagnosis relies on the histopathological examination. Extensive sampling of the tissue should be done to rule out any concurrent testicular neoplasm.

Keywords

• testicles
• testis swelling
• xanthogranulomatous inflammation