A Review on the Flammability Properties of Carbon-Based Polymeric Composites: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends
Karthik Babu,
Gabriella Rendén,
Rhoda Afriyie Mensah,
Nam Kyeun Kim,
Lin Jiang,
Qiang Xu,
Ágoston Restás,
Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany,
Mikael S. Hedenqvist,
Michael Försth,
Alexandra Byström,
Oisik Das
Affiliations
Karthik Babu
Center for Polymer Composites and Natural Fiber Research, Tamil Nadu 625005, India
Gabriella Rendén
Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials Division, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Nam Kyeun Kim
Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
Lin Jiang
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Qiang Xu
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Ágoston Restás
Department of Fire Protection and Rescue Control, National University of Public Service, H-1011 Budapest, Hungary
Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
Mikael S. Hedenqvist
Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials Division, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Michael Försth
Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
Alexandra Byström
Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
Oisik Das
Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
Carbon based fillers have attracted a great deal of interest in polymer composites because of their ability to beneficially alter properties at low filler concentration, good interfacial bonding with polymer, availability in different forms, etc. The property alteration of polymer composites makes them versatile for applications in various fields, such as constructions, microelectronics, biomedical, and so on. Devastations due to building fire stress the importance of flame-retardant polymer composites, since they are directly related to human life conservation and safety. Thus, in this review, the significance of carbon-based flame-retardants for polymers is introduced. The effects of a wide variety of carbon-based material addition (such as fullerene, CNTs, graphene, graphite, and so on) on reaction-to-fire of the polymer composites are reviewed and the focus is dedicated to biochar-based reinforcements for use in flame retardant polymer composites. Additionally, the most widely used flammability measuring techniques for polymeric composites are presented. Finally, the key factors and different methods that are used for property enhancement are concluded and the scope for future work is discussed.
