The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Collapsars as Sites of r-process Nucleosynthesis: Systematic Photometric Near-infrared Follow-up of Type Ic-BL Supernovae
- Shreya Anand,
- Jennifer Barnes,
- Sheng Yang,
- Mansi M. Kasliwal,
- Michael W. Coughlin,
- Jesper Sollerman,
- Kishalay De,
- Christoffer Fremling,
- Alessandra Corsi,
- Anna Y. Q. Ho,
- Arvind Balasubramanian,
- Conor Omand,
- Gokul P. Srinivasaragavan,
- S. Bradley Cenko,
- Tomás Ahumada,
- Igor Andreoni,
- Aishwarya Dahiwale,
- Kaustav Kashyap Das,
- Jacob Jencson,
- Viraj Karambelkar,
- Harsh Kumar,
- Brian D. Metzger,
- Daniel Perley,
- Nikhil Sarin,
- Tassilo Schweyer,
- Steve Schulze,
- Yashvi Sharma,
- Tawny Sit,
- Robert Stein,
- Leonardo Tartaglia,
- Samaporn Tinyanont,
- Anastasios Tzanidakis,
- Jan van Roestel,
- Yuhan Yao,
- Joshua S. Bloom,
- David O. Cook,
- Richard Dekany,
- Matthew J. Graham,
- Steven L. Groom,
- David L. Kaplan,
- Frank J. Masci,
- Michael S. Medford,
- Reed Riddle,
- Chaoran Zhang
Affiliations
- Shreya Anand
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Jennifer Barnes
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kohn Hall, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Sheng Yang
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden; Henan Academy of Sciences , Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Mansi M. Kasliwal
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Michael W. Coughlin
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Jesper Sollerman
- ORCiD
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Kishalay De
- ORCiD
- MIT-Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Christoffer Fremling
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Alessandra Corsi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University , Box 1051, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USA
- Anna Y. Q. Ho
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Arvind Balasubramanian
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai, 400005, India
- Conor Omand
- ORCiD
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gokul P. Srinivasaragavan
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA
- S. Bradley Cenko
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , MC 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Tomás Ahumada
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Igor Andreoni
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , MC 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Aishwarya Dahiwale
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Kaustav Kashyap Das
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Jacob Jencson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Viraj Karambelkar
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Harsh Kumar
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University , 60 Garden St. Cambridge 02158 MA, USA
- Brian D. Metzger
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University , Pupin Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Computational Astrophysics , Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave., New York, NY 10010, USA
- Daniel Perley
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- Nikhil Sarin
- ORCiD
- Nordita, Stockholm University and KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Tassilo Schweyer
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Steve Schulze
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
- Yashvi Sharma
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Tawny Sit
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Robert Stein
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Leonardo Tartaglia
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica , Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo, Via Mentore Maggini s.n.c. I-64100 Teramo, Italy
- Samaporn Tinyanont
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand
- Anastasios Tzanidakis
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Jan van Roestel
- ORCiD
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Yuhan Yao
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Joshua S. Bloom
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA; Physics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS50B-4206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- David O. Cook
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Richard Dekany
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Matthew J. Graham
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Steven L. Groom
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- David L. Kaplan
- ORCiD
- Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
- Frank J. Masci
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Michael S. Medford
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Reed Riddle
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Chaoran Zhang
- ORCiD
- Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad11df
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 962,
no. 1
p. 68
Abstract
One of the open questions following the discovery of GW170817 is whether neutron star (NS) mergers are the only astrophysical sites capable of producing r -process elements. Simulations have shown that 0.01–0.1 M _⊙ of r -process material could be generated in the outflows originating from the accretion disk surrounding the rapidly rotating black hole that forms as a remnant to both NS mergers and collapsing massive stars associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (collapsars). The hallmark signature of r -process nucleosynthesis in the binary NS merger GW170817 was its long-lasting near-infrared (NIR) emission, thus motivating a systematic photometric study of the light curves of broad-lined stripped-envelope (Ic-BL) supernovae (SNe) associated with collapsars. We present the first systematic study of 25 SNe Ic-BL—including 18 observed with the Zwicky Transient Facility and 7 from the literature—in the optical/NIR bands to determine what quantity of r -process material, if any, is synthesized in these explosions. Using semi-analytic models designed to account for r -process production in SNe Ic-BL, we perform light curve fitting to derive constraints on the r -process mass for these SNe. We also perform independent light curve fits to models without the r -process. We find that the r -process-free models are a better fit to the light curves of the objects in our sample. Thus, we find no compelling evidence of r -process enrichment in any of our objects. Further high-cadence infrared photometric studies and nebular spectroscopic analysis would be sensitive to smaller quantities of r -process ejecta mass or indicate whether all collapsars are completely devoid of r -process nucleosynthesis.
Keywords
- Supernovae
- Nucleosynthesis
- Transient sources
- R-process
- Explosive nucleosynthesis
- Time domain astronomy
