The use of bevacizumab and ranibizumab for branch retinal vein occlusion in medicare beneficiaries

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the frequency and variation of intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab use for branch retinal vein occlusion (BVO) in the United States (US). Methods: We obtained a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries from the Medicare Denominator and Physician/Supplier Part B claims files from 2010 to 2013 and identified all beneficiaries with an ICD-9-CM code for branch retinal vein occlusion (BVO, 362.36). Patient age, gender, race, state of residence and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were collected. Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HSCPS) codes for bevacizumab (J3590, J9035, and J3490) and for ranibizumab (J2778) were used to identify the mode of treatment for each patient. Patients who met the following criteria were excluded from this study: (1) under 65 years of age; (2) residence outside of the 50 United States or the District of Columbia; (3) no Part-B coverage or with HMO coverage that was not processed by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS); (4) concomitant diagnosis of diabetic edema (ICD-9: 362.07) or central retinal vein occlusion (ICD-9: 362.35); and (5) received both or none of the above two treatments. Geographic variation was examined by comparing injection frequencies across the nine US census divisions using Chi-squared analysis. Results: During 2010–2013, a majority of the 3944 BVO patients who met the inclusion criteria received bevacizumab compared to ranibizumab (76.7% vs 23.3%). Most patients were aged 75–79 (22.0%) or 80–84 (22.0%), female (61.5%), white (88.3%), and had a CCI score of 1–2 (39.8%). The frequencies of bevacizumab and ranibizumab injections for BVO varied significantly between the US census divisions (p < 0.0001). The highest frequencies of bevacizumab use were in the Mountain (90.6%) and Pacific (82.7%) divisions while the highest frequencies of ranibizumab use were in the West North Central (37.9%) and Mid Atlantic (32.7%) divisions. Conclusions and Importance: A majority of Medicare beneficiaries with BVO received bevacizumab compared to ranibizumab from 2010 to 2013, with significant geographic variation in the use of the two anti-VEGF agents. Future research into factors driving geographic variation in the use of these agents may help direct cost-effective strategies for the management of BVO. Keywords: Branch retinal vein occlusion, BVO, Anti-VEGF, Geographic variation, Medicare