Assessment of serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium) during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation

Abstract

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading universal cause of mortality. Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder is primarily a chronic disease, a great number of patients complain of exacerbations. Severe exacerbations are associated with worse survival consequences. This study aimed to detect changes in serum sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium (Na, K, and ionized Ca) during COPD exacerbation. Patients and methods A total of 45 patients with exacerbation of COPD and 15 apparently healthy participants were included. Serum electrolytes (Na, K, and ionized Ca) were obtained from patients and controls. Full clinical history, complete blood count, renal and liver function, serum electrolytes (Na, K, and ionized Ca), and oxygen saturation measurement were done for patients. Results Serum Na, K, and ionized Ca were decreased in patients than controls (with statistically significant difference). These electrolytes levels were lowest in life-threatening exacerbation than other grades of exacerbations (with statistically significant difference). Conclusion COPD exacerbation is associated with low levels of Na, K, and ionized Ca.

Keywords

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• exacerbation
• serum electrolytes