Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties of keys and cores part of Pandanus tectorius fruits

Abstract

Pandanus tectorius fruits have been used as major food in Micronesia, but not fully exploited in South East Asia. In Malaysia and Indonesia, P. tectorius fruit is wasted and still not utilized either as a source of food as well as for research. The aims of the present study were to determine the phytochemical content, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and cytotoxicity properties of cores and keys parts of P. tectorius fruits extracts against some normal (RAW and L-6) and cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7). Samples were collected from Setiu Wetland, Terengganu, Malaysia. Extracts were obtained by successive extraction using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The antibacterial activity was performed by disk diffusion method against gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Actives extract was continued for antibacterial kinetic study. The TPC and antioxidant were analyzed by Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis result confirmed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoid, steroids, saponins and glycosides as chemical constituents in P. tectorius fruits extract. It was supported by high TPC content in this extracts. The ethyl acetate extract from cores part (PEC) showed the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 0.8 ± 0.20 mg/mL), while ethyl acetate extract from keys part (PEK) displayed highest antibacterial activity with inhibition zone of 10–15 mm, but less strong inhibition as compared to the investigated commercial antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, gentamycin, and tetracycline). Antibacterial kinetic study was further proven that PEK has good antibacterial activity. Moreover, cytotoxicity study revealed that all of extracts did not have any cytotoxic activity against all selected cell lines (IC50 value > 30 μg/mL). Result founded that both keys and core parts of P. tectorius fruits were found to be rich by phenolics content and potent as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Since it is not toxic against selected cell lines, the mechanism study on antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerosis could be carried out. Keywords: Pandanus tectorius, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity