The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
JWST-MIRI Spectroscopy of Warm Molecular Emission and Variability in the AS 209 Disk
- Carlos E. Muñoz-Romero,
- Karin I. Öberg,
- Andrea Banzatti,
- Klaus M. Pontoppidan,
- Sean M. Andrews,
- David J. Wilner,
- Edwin A. Bergin,
- Ian Czekala,
- Charles J. Law,
- Colette Salyk,
- Richard Teague,
- Chunhua Qi,
- Jennifer B. Bergner,
- Jane Huang,
- Catherine Walsh,
- Viviana V. Guzmán,
- L. Ilsedore Cleeves,
- Yuri Aikawa,
- Jaehan Bae,
- Alice S. Booth,
- Gianni Cataldi,
- John D. Ilee,
- Romane Le Gal,
- Feng Long,
- Ryan A. Loomis,
- François Menard,
- Yao Liu
Affiliations
- Carlos E. Muñoz-Romero
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Karin I. Öberg
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Andrea Banzatti
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Texas State University , 749 N Comanche Street, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Klaus M. Pontoppidan
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Sean M. Andrews
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- David J. Wilner
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Edwin A. Bergin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 323 West Hall, 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ian Czekala
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Astrostatistics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Institute for Computational & Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Charles J. Law
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA 27
- Colette Salyk
- ORCiD
- Vassar College , 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
- Richard Teague
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Chunhua Qi
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]
- Jennifer B. Bergner
- ORCiD
- University of Chicago , Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Jane Huang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 323 West Hall, 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Astronomy, Columbia University , 538 W. 120th Street, Pupin Hall, New York, NY, USA
- Catherine Walsh
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Viviana V. Guzmán
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Formación Planetaria (NPF) , Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaiso, Chile
- L. Ilsedore Cleeves
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Yuri Aikawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Jaehan Bae
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Alice S. Booth
- ORCiD
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Gianni Cataldi
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- John D. Ilee
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Romane Le Gal
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Feng Long
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; [email protected]; Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA 27
- Ryan A. Loomis
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- François Menard
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Yao Liu
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210033, People's Republic of China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad20e9
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 964,
no. 1
p. 36
Abstract
We present MIRI Medium-resolution Spectrograph observations of the large, multi-gapped protoplanetary disk around the T Tauri star AS 209. The observations reveal hundreds of water vapor lines from 4.9–25.5 μ m toward the inner ∼1 au in the disk, including the first detection of rovibrational water emission in this disk. The spectrum is dominated by hot (∼800 K) water vapor and OH gas, with only marginal detections of CO _2 , HCN, and a possible colder water vapor component. Using slab models with a detailed treatment of opacities and line overlap, we retrieve the column density, emitting area, and excitation temperature of water vapor and OH, and provide upper limits for the observable mass of other molecules. Compared to MIRI spectra of other T Tauri disks, the inner disk of AS 209 does not appear to be atypically depleted in CO _2 nor HCN. Based on Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph observations, we further find evidence for molecular emission variability over a 10 yr baseline. Water, OH, and CO _2 line luminosities have decreased by factors of 2–4 in the new MIRI epoch, yet there are minimal continuum emission variations. The origin of this variability is yet to be understood.
Keywords
- Astrochemistry
- Protoplanetary disks
- Planet formation
- Water vapor
- James Webb Space Telescope
- Classical T Tauri stars
