Ligninolytic activity of the Penicillium chrysogenum and Pleurotus ostreatus fungi involved in the biotransformation of synthetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes modify its toxicity
Gladys Juárez-Cisneros,
Jesús Campos-García,
Sharel Pamela Díaz-Pérez,
Javier Lara-Romero,
Dhirendra Kumar Tiwari,
Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yáñez,
Homero Reyes-De la Cruz,
Sergio Jiménez-Sandoval,
Javier Villegas
Affiliations
Gladys Juárez-Cisneros
Laboratorio de Interacción Suelo Planta Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Jesús Campos-García
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Sharel Pamela Díaz-Pérez
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Javier Lara-Romero
Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Dhirendra Kumar Tiwari
El Colegio de Michoacán, Ladipa, La Piedad, La Piedad, Michoacán, Mexico
Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yáñez
Laboratorio de Interacción Suelo Planta Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Homero Reyes-De la Cruz
Laboratorio de Control Traduccional, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Sergio Jiménez-Sandoval
Unidad Querétaro, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
Javier Villegas
Laboratorio de Interacción Suelo Planta Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are of multidisciplinary scientific interest due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and a broad range of applications. However, they are considered potentially toxic nanoparticles when they accumulate in the environment. Given their ability to oxidize resistant polymers, mycorremediation with lignocellulolytic fungi are suggested as biological alternatives to the mineralization of MWCNTs. Hence, this study involves the ability of two fungi specie to MWCNTs biotransformation by laccase and peroxidases induction and evaluation in vivo of its toxicity using Caenorhabditis elegans worms as a model. Results showed that the fungi Penicillium chrysogenum and Pleurotus ostreatus were capable to grow on media with MWCNTs supplemented with glucose or lignin. Activities of lignin-peroxidase, manganese-peroxidase, and laccase in cultures of both fungi were induced by MWCNTs. Raman, FTIR spectroscopy, HR-TEM, and TGA analyses of the residue from the cultures of both fungi revealed structural modifications on the surface of MWCNTs and its amount diminished, correlating the MWCNTs structural modifications with the laccase-peroxidase activities in the fungal cultures. Results indicate that the degree of toxicity of MWCNTs on the C. elegans model was enhanced by the structure modification associated with the fungal ligninolytic activity. The toxic effect of MWCNTs on the in vivo model of worms reveals the increment of reactive oxygen species as a mechanism of toxicity. Findings indicate that the MWCNTs can be subject in nature to biotransformation processes such as the fungal metabolism, which contribute to modify their toxicity properties on susceptible organisms and contributing to environmental elimination.
