Energies (Jul 2024)
Development of a MELCOR Model for LVR-15 Severe Accidents Assessment
Abstract
LVR-15 is a light-water-tank-type research reactor placed in a stainless-steel vessel under a shielding cover located in the Research Centre Rez (CVR) near Prague. It is operated at a steady-state power of up to 10 MWt under atmospheric pressure and is cooled by forced circulation. In 2011, the fuel was replaced, going from high-enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU). After 2017, the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SUJB) asked CVR to evaluate the LVR-15 under Design Extended Conditions B (DEC-B). For this reason, a new model was developed in the MELCOR code, which allows for modelling the progression of a severe accident (SA) in light-water nuclear power plants and estimating the behaviour of the reactor under SA conditions. The model was built by collecting information about the LVR-15. Since the research reactor can have different core configurations according to the location of the core components, the core configuration with the most fuel (hottest campaign K221) was selected. Then, to create the radial nodalisation, the details of the core components were obtained and grouped in five radial rings and 27 axial levels. The simulation was run with the boundary conditions collected from campaign K221, and the results were compared with the reference values of the campaign with a negligible percentage of error. For the coolant inlet and outlet temperature, the reference values were 318.18 K and 323.5 K, respectively, while for the simulation, the steady state reached 319 K for the inlet temperature and 324 K for the outlet temperature. Additionally, the cladding temperature of the hottest assembly was compared with the reference value (353.72 K) and the steady-state simulation results (362 K). In future work, different transients leading to severe accidents will be simulated. When simulating the LVR-15 reactor with MELCOR, specific attention is required for the aluminium-cladded fuel assemblies, as the model requires some assumptions to cope with the phenomenological limitations.
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