Preoperative Vitamin D and Calcium Administration in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Abstract Objective This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess whether preoperative administration of calcium and vitamin D prevents postoperative hypocalcemia. Data Sources A computerized search in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases was performed. Review Methods Trials comparing preoperative calcium and vitamin D administration with either placebo or nothing were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of laboratory hypocalcemia, mean postoperative calcium level, and symptomatic hypocalcemia. The secondary outcomes were the development of permanent hypoparathyroidism and length of hospitalization. Continuous outcomes were represented as standardized mean difference (SMD), and dichotomous outcomes were represented as risk ratio (RR). Results Nine trials that enrolled 1079 patients were found eligible. Postoperative laboratory hypocalcemia occurred less in patients who received preoperative calcium and vitamin D, but it was not statistically significant (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60‐1.00; P = .05). Mean postoperative calcium level was significantly higher in the intervention group (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07‐0.12; P < .00001). The number of patients with symptomatic hypocalcemia was significantly lower in the intervention group (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38‐0.76; P = .0005). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism and length of hospitalization. Conclusion Administration of calcium and vitamin D preoperatively achieves lower rates of postthyroidectomy symptomatic hypocalcemia in comparison with no intervention.

Keywords

• calcium
• hypocalcemia
• thyroid disease
• thyroidectomy
• vitamin D