High Efficacy of Ozonated Oils on the Removal of Biofilms Produced by Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) from Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Vanessa Silva,
Cecília Peirone,
Joana S. Amaral,
Rosa Capita,
Carlos Alonso-Calleja,
José A. Marques-Magallanes,
Ângela Martins,
Águeda Carvalho,
Luís Maltez,
José Eduardo Pereira,
José Luís Capelo,
Gilberto Igrejas,
Patrícia Poeta
Affiliations
Vanessa Silva
Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Cecília Peirone
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Joana S. Amaral
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
Rosa Capita
Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
Carlos Alonso-Calleja
Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
José A. Marques-Magallanes
Critical Care Department, University Hospital Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
Ângela Martins
Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Águeda Carvalho
Hospital Center of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro E.P.E., 5000-185 Vila Real, Portugal
Luís Maltez
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
José Eduardo Pereira
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
José Luís Capelo
BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2825-466 Almada, Portugal
Gilberto Igrejas
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Patrícia Poeta
Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Ozone has a high wound healing capacity and antibacterial properties and can be used as a complementary treatment in infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen found in infected diabetic foot ulcers. Most of MRSA are resistant to several classes of antibiotics and, therefore, there is a need for new, effective, and well-tolerated agents. Thus, we aimed evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potentials of ozonated vegetable oils against MRSA strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Six ozonated oils were produced with concentrations of ozone ranging from 0.53 to 17 mg of ozone/g of oil. The peroxide values were determined for each oil. Ozonated oils content on fatty acid was determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and the effect of ozonated oils on biofilm formation ability and on established biofilms was investigated. In general, the content in identified unsaturated fatty acid in oils decreased with the increase of ozonation time and, consequently, the peroxide value increased. Most bacterial strains were inhibited by ozonated oil at a concentration of 4.24 mg/g. Ozonated oils had moderate to high ability to remove adhered cells and showed a high capacity to eradicate 24 h old biofilms. Our results show promising use of ozonated oils on the treatment of infections, in particular those caused by multidrug-resistant MRSA strains.
