The genome of Stephania japonica provides insights into the biosynthesis of cepharanthine
Zhuo Liu,
Shaoqin Shen,
Yujie Wang,
Shuqi Sun,
Tong Yu,
Yanhong Fu,
Rong Zhou,
Chunjin Li,
Rui Cao,
Yanshu Zhang,
Nan Li,
Liangdan Sun,
Xiaoming Song
Affiliations
Zhuo Liu
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Shaoqin Shen
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Yujie Wang
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Shuqi Sun
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Tong Yu
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Yanhong Fu
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Rong Zhou
Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
Chunjin Li
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Rui Cao
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Yanshu Zhang
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Nan Li
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; Corresponding author
Liangdan Sun
North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China; Health Science Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; Inflammation and Immune Diseases Laboratory of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; Corresponding author
Xiaoming Song
College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; Corresponding author
Summary: Stephania japonica is an early-diverging eudicotyledon plant with high levels of cepharanthine, proven to be effective in curing coronavirus infections. Here, we report a high-quality S. japonica genome. The genome size is 688.52 Mb, and 97.37% sequences anchor to 11 chromosomes. The genome comprises 67.46% repetitive sequences and 21,036 genes. It is closely related to two Ranunculaceae species, which diverged from their common ancestor 55.90–71.02 million years ago (Mya) with a whole-genome duplication 85.59–96.75 Mya. We further reconstruct ancestral karyotype of Ranunculales. Several cepharanthine biosynthesis genes are identified and verified by western blot. Two genes (Sja03G0243 and Sja03G0241) exhibit catalytic activity as shown by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Then, cepharanthine biosynthesis genes, transcription factors, and CYP450 family genes are used to construct a comprehensive network. Finally, we construct an early-diverging eudicotyledonous genome resources (EEGR) database. As the first genome of the Menispermaceae family to be released, this study provides rich resources for genomic studies.
