Recent progress and hurdles in cathode recycling for Li-ion batteries

Ponraj Jenis; Ting Zhang; Brindha Ramasubramanian; Sen Lin; Prasada Rao Rayavarapu; Jianguo Yu; Seeram Ramakrishna

Circular Economy (Jun 2024)

Recent progress and hurdles in cathode recycling for Li-ion batteries

Ponraj Jenis,
Ting Zhang,
Brindha Ramasubramanian,
Sen Lin,
Prasada Rao Rayavarapu,
Jianguo Yu,
Seeram Ramakrishna

Affiliations

Ponraj Jenis: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
Ting Zhang: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Engineering Research Center of Salt Lake Resources Process Engineering, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
Brindha Ramasubramanian: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
Sen Lin: National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Engineering Research Center of Salt Lake Resources Process Engineering, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
Prasada Rao Rayavarapu: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; Corresponding authors.
Jianguo Yu: National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
Seeram Ramakrishna: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; Corresponding authors.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 3, no. 2
p. 100087

Abstract

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This review focuses on standard Li recycling approaches for LiFePO4 (LFP) and nickel−cobalt−manganese (NCM) cathodes. The study discusses about advances in leaching agents, including organic acid, alkaline solutions, natural organic acid, and electrochemical treatments. Emphasis is placed on the significance of selective Li leaching strategies to optimize the recycling of waste batteries. The review also outlines potential future research directions for enhancing selective recycling, providing valuable insights into the recycling of LFP and NCM batteries. Simultaneously, the article addresses the challenges associated with the transition from conventional lithium-ion batteries to all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) in the pursuit of sustainable energy storage technologies. It highlights key points, including the challenges in developing ASSBs, the role of employing various material combinations and its preparation techniques, adopting scalable solution-based processes for commercialization, and strategies for sustainable ASSB recycling. The proposition of a fully recyclable ASSB model underscores the commitment to lower recycling costs using safer and simpler methods, positioning nanotechnology as an enabling tool for achieving advancements in materials and cell-level performance.

Published in Circular Economy

ISSN: 2773-1685 (Print); 2773-1677 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Social Sciences: Industries. Land use. Labor: Economic growth, development, planning; Technology: Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/circular-economy

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