Optical imaging of in vivo adoptive T‐cell therapy: State of the art and challenges
Qingshuang Li,
Dehong Hu,
Duyang Gao,
Guanhui Gao,
Can Zhang,
Zonghai Sheng
Affiliations
Qingshuang Li
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
Dehong Hu
Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
Duyang Gao
Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
Guanhui Gao
Materials Science and Electron Microscopy Department Rice University Houston Texas USA
Can Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
Zonghai Sheng
Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
Abstract Adoptive T‐cell therapy (ACT), which is an important type of live cell therapy, has achieved unprecedented success in treating hematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that ACT is also a promising treatment for solid tumors. Visualizing the in vivo fates (distribution, homing, infiltration, proliferation, and exhaustion) of the immune cells used for ACT (ACT immune cells) is of great importance to promote basic research and clinical translation of ACT. Optical imaging techniques, including bioluminescence, fluorescence, and photoacoustic imaging, have the advantages of high sensitivity, high spatiotemporal resolution, minimal exposure to harmful radiation, and simple instrumentation. Recently, various types of optical imaging probes, including bioluminescence, fluorescence, and photoacoustic imaging probes, have been used to visualize ACT immune cells in vivo and evaluate the molecular mechanism, efficacy, and side effects of ACT. In this review, the optical imaging probes and labeling methods that have been used for in vivo visualization of ACT immune cells are summarized, and the opportunities and challenges of using optical imaging to visualize ACT immune cells in vivo are discussed.
