Polybenzoxazine/Epoxy Copolymer Reinforced with Phosphorylated Microcrystalline Cellulose: Curing Behavior, Thermal, and Flame Retardancy Properties
Wissam Bessa,
Djalal Trache,
Sid-Ali Moulai,
Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun,
Amir Abdelaziz,
Tuan Sherwyn Hamidon,
Mohd Hazwan Hussin
Affiliations
Wissam Bessa
Ecole Supérieure du Matériel, BP 188, Beau-Lieu, Algiers 16004, Algeria
Djalal Trache
Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
Sid-Ali Moulai
Ecole Supérieure du Matériel, BP 188, Beau-Lieu, Algiers 16004, Algeria
Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
Amir Abdelaziz
Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers 16046, Algeria
Tuan Sherwyn Hamidon
Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Mohd Hazwan Hussin
Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
This study aims to explore new flame-retardant composites based on a phosphorus-functionalized cellulose derivative and epoxy/benzoxazine thermosetting resins in order to broaden the use of natural fibers in advanced applications. The study involved the phosphorylation of microcrystalline cellulose followed by its characterization through employing various analytical methods to corroborate the accomplishment of its functionalization. The curing behavior of composites based on the polybenzoxazine/epoxy copolymer reinforced with (1 and 5 wt.%) modified microcrystalline cellulose was hereafter considered. The thermal behavior of these composites was correspondingly investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, where improved thermal stability and the limiting oxygen index were stressed. Flame retardancy tests using the vertical burning test UL 94 and heat of combustion analysis utilizing an oxygen bomb calorimeter were also carried out to deeply examine the possible flame retardancy ability of the considered composites.
