Short‐term intra‐individual variation of urinary biomarkers in dogs with stable chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Abstract Background Active‐ongoing kidney damage is present in animals with stable chronic kidney disease (CKD), as reflected by biomarkers in urine. Interpretation of serial messurements of biomarkers requires knowledge of its intra‐individual variation. Aims To evaluate the short‐term intra‐individual variation of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule‐1 (uNGAL, uKIM‐1, respectively) in dogs with stable CKD, and to determine whether normalization to urinary creatinine (uCr) decreases variation. Animals Twenty‐five dogs with naturally‐occurring stable CKD. Methods Prospective, observational study. Dogs were diagnosed with CKD based on the International Renal Interest Society guidelines. Dogs were included only if the variation in serum creatinine concentration was 100% and >60% for uNGAL and uKIM‐1, respectively, in serial measurements are higher than the normal expected variation and therefore might indicate need for further investigation for underlying causes of kidney damage.

Keywords

• acute kidney injury
• coefficient of variation
• creatinine
• KIM‐1
• NGAL