Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Incremental Knowledge Gains to Improve Outcomes

Abstract

Pulmonary vein stenosis remains a considerable clinical challenge, with high mortality still present in children with progressive disease. In this review, we discuss the clinical spectrum of pulmonary vein stenosis and what is known about the etiology and potential modifying and contributing factors in progressive pulmonary vein stenosis.

Keywords

• pulmonary vein stenosis
• pediatric
• pathophysiology