Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management (Apr 2018)

Increase in spleen volume as a predictor of oxaliplatin toxicity

  • El Chediak A,
  • Haydar AA,
  • Hakim A,
  • Abdel Massih S,
  • Hilal L,
  • Mukherji D,
  • Temraz S,
  • Shamseddine A

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 14
pp. 653 – 657

Abstract

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Alissar El Chediak,1 Ali A Haydar,2 Ayman Hakim,1 Sarah Abdel Massih,1 Lara Hilal,3 Deborah Mukherji,1 Sally Temraz,1 Ali Shamseddine1 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; 2Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Background: Oxaliplatin is a nonconventional third-generation platinum compound. It is an important chemotherapeutic agent in regimens used in gastrointestinal carcinomas as well as other malignancies. Oxaliplatin toxicity profile includes neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and splenomegaly. The primary aim of this study was to measure the spleen volume of patients on oxaliplatin therapy before and during chemotherapy to detect any increase in splenic size as a biomarker for early oxaliplatin toxicity. Methods: This was a prospective pilot study conducted at the American University of Beirut-Medical Center. Fifty patients newly started on oxaliplatin were included. The spleen volume was measured from the patients’ baseline CT scan using the IntelliSpace Portal upgraded system (using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors [RECIST]), for each follow-up CT scan. Side effects were evaluated at each patient visit and graded according to the severity. Results: Thirty-seven (74%) patients developed an increase in spleen size. Thirty-three (66%) sampled patients developed peripheral neuropathy (all grades) at 3 months, whereas only two (4%) patients developed grade 3 neuropathy. Only one (3%) patient who developed an increase in spleen size also developed grade 3 peripheral neuropathy – a result that is significantly different (p<0.001) when comparing patients with an increase in spleen size who also developed peripheral neuropathy of other grades.Conclusion: An increase in spleen volume possibly precedes a significant peripheral neuropathy which could be a potential marker for oxaliplatin-induced toxicity.Keywords: oxaliplatin, toxicity, neuropathy, splenomegaly, neuropathy, hepatic sinusoidal injury

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