Mutual Influence Between Allergic Rhinitis and Sleep: Factors, Mechanisms, and interventions—A Narrative Review

Abstract

Ting Yang,1– 4,* Han-Rui Wang,1– 4,* Ya-Kui Mou,1– 4,* Wan-Chen Liu,1– 4 Yao Wang,1– 4 Xiao-Yu Song,1– 4 Chao Ren,1– 5 Xi-Cheng Song1– 4 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 4Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xi-Cheng Song, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 20, East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Fax [phone], Email [email protected] Chao Ren, Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 20, East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Fax [phone], Email [email protected]: Patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) have a high incidence of sleep disorders, such as insomnia, which can easily exacerbate nasal symptoms. The aggravation of nasal symptoms further promotes the deterioration of sleep disorders, forming a vicious cycle. Severe cases may even trigger psychological and neurological issues, such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment, causing significant distress to patients, making clinical diagnosis and treatment difficult, and increasing costs. Furthermore, satisfactory therapeutics remain lacking. As the pathogenesis of AR-associated sleep disorders is not clear and research is still insufficient, paying attention to and understanding AR-related sleep disorders is crucial in clinical practice. Multiple studies have shown that the most crucial issues in current research on AR and sleep are analyzing the relationship between AR and sleep disorders, searching for the influencing factors, and investigating potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. This review aimed to identify and summarize the results of relevant studies using “AR” and “sleep disorders” as search terms. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between AR and sleep disorders and examined their interaction and potential mechanisms, offering a foundation for additional screening of potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Keywords: allergic rhinitis, biological rhythm, immune inflammatory, neurological regulation, sleep disorders

Keywords

• allergic rhinitis
• biological rhythm
• immune inflammatory
• neurological regulation
• sleep disorders