This dataset is part of a risk assessment project that evaluated the human health effects of pesticide exposure in São José de Ubá, State of Rio de Janeiro. This region is one of the greatest tomato producers in Brazil, and pest control is commonly based on the use of pesticides. We interviewed 78 smallholder family farmers about sociodemographic characteristics, pesticide use and exposure, assessed blood cholinesterase as biomarkers (n = 70), and screened all participants for probable common mental disorders through the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Keywords: Farmers, Mental health, Occupational exposure, Pesticides, Agricultural worker's diseases