A crise da consciência histórica e a posição da disciplina história no “campo” intelectual francês Crisis of historical consciousness and the status of history among french intelligentia

Abstract

Trata-se de uma tentativa de compreens&atilde;o da chamada crise da consci&ecirc;ncia hist&oacute;rica, a partir de um questionamento sobre as muta&ccedil;&otilde;es ocorridas, nessas &uacute;ltimas duas d&eacute;cadas, no contexto hist&oacute;rico e intelectual franc&ecirc;s. Face a essa crise de valores e de sentido, a na&ccedil;&atilde;o francesa busca, atrav&eacute;s do culto ao passado, pontos de refer&ecirc;ncias que permitem refor&ccedil;ar sua identidade cultural. Nesse processo de valoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o do nacional, a disciplina Hist&oacute;ria desempenha uma fun&ccedil;&atilde;o primordial: a da preserva&ccedil;&atilde;o da mem&oacute;ria nacional. Em busca de uma redefini&ccedil;&atilde;o do seu pr&oacute;prio estatuto, a hist&oacute;ria se encontra numa posi&ccedil;&atilde;o indeterminada dentro do campo intelectual.<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> &lt;!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --&gt; <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> This article is an attempt to understand the so-called crisis of historical consciousness by questioning the mutations occurred over the last two decades in the French historical and intellectual context. With regard to this crisis of values and meanings, the French nation, through the cult of its past, searches for references that help to reinforce its cultural identify. History performs a major role in this national valorization process: the preservation of the national memory. Searching for redefining its own status, History occupies an undeterminate position among French intelligentia.