Investigating the Factors Related to Brushing Behavior in Students Based on the Health Belief Model in 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Oral and dental diseases, especially caries and periodontal diseases, are among the most common diseases in the world. This study aimed to determine the factors related to tooth brushing behavior in high school students based on the health belief model. Methods: The present study is of a descriptive cross-sectional type. The sampling was done by random classification in two classes of girls' and boys' schools on 400 ninth-grade students from six cities east of Guilan Province, Iran, in 2022. The study instrument was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, knowledge, constructs of the health belief model, and brushing behavior. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 23 using the chi-square test and Pearson linear correlation coefficient. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the adjusted relationship. Results: Direct and weak linear correlations were observed between the state of desirable brushing behavior with knowledge scores (r=0.15), self-efficacy constructs (r=0.25), and perceived benefits (r=0.22). Also, an inverse and significant correlation was observed between behavior and perceived barrier (r=-0.24). Based on logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and socioeconomic status, the variables of knowledge (OR=1.11; 95%CI, 1.02%-1.21%), self-efficacy (OR=1.10; 95%CI, 1.05%-1.51%), and perceived barrier (OR=0.97; 95% CI, 0.95%-0.99%) had independent and significant relationships with desirable tooth brushing behavior. Conclusion: Considering the low level of desirable tooth brushing behavior and the low average knowledge score, it is necessary to take appropriate interventions to provide, maintain, and improve students' oral health.

Keywords

• students
• health belief model
• tooth brushing teeth
• oral health.