Characterization of patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: chronic non-contagious diseases represent a growing pandemic, among them diabetes mellitus. Objective: to characterize the patients with type II diabetes mellitus who were treated at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital during 2016. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of diabetic patients admitted Internal Medicine Service at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital during 2016. The target group comprised 216 patients, and the sample included 81 of them. Data were processed applying descriptive statistics. Results: the age group from 50 to 59 (30,9 %) predominated, and female sex (51,90 %). Hyperglycemia was frequent (88,89 %), inadequate diet (86,42 %) and sedentary lifestyles (80,25 %), were reported as the main predisposing factors. The 35,8 % of the patients presented an evolution between 16-20 years and 49,4 % developed three complications. It was found that cardiovascular (39,78 %), as well as ophthalmological complications (17,20 %) predominated in the series studied; 25,68 % of the patients presenting cardiovascular complications developed hypertension and 24,32 % arterial insufficiency. Conclusions: adults after the fourth decade of life were prone to develop type II diabetes mellitus, mainly female gender; where eating habits and poor lifestyles favored its onset. The natural history of the disease determine the incidence of complications, affecting mainly cardiovascular system, which is conducive to the development of high blood pressure.

Keywords

• diabetes mellitus tipo 2
• diabetes mellitus
• síndrome metabólico
• grupos de riesgo