Luhmann, Lotman and the problem of boundary: a critical reflexion of the theoretical categories of inclusion and exclusion

Abstract

This paper intends to give insight to the recent debate in Germany about inclusion and exclusion and the existing difficulties in the scientific discussion with both categories, especially concerning a theoretical definition. The position of Luhmanns system theory will hereby be in the center of critical analysis. Furthermore, by introducing the theoretical concept of the boundary, which will be discussed not only as a closure of a system, but as a space of all social dialog between systems, it seeks another view on boundaries, similar to the category in the semiotic culture theory of Yuri Lotman. Exclusion in this perspective would be a monolog of reigning systems of power at the spatiotemporal space of a system boundary and a socially produced exclusion from partial systems, which are taking part in the transformation of the social system as a whole. Inclusion therefor would be a dialog at the boundaries between psychic and social systems, based on the appreciation of human and civil rights, which always includes the willingness to mutual influence and change through the other.

Keywords

• Inclusão
• Exclusão
• Fronteira
• Teoria de Sistemas
• Diálogo