Size Preference of Live Fish Prey in the Pellet-Consuming Pikeperch

Abstract

The production of pikeperch in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) is of growing importance. However, the use of combined technologies may also be justified, especially in countries with larger pond areas. However, this requires the most effective adaptation of pellet-consuming individuals to pond conditions. Foraging training, a form of environmental enrichment to compensate for the poor environment in hatchery rearing, can play a major role in this. The aim of our study was to investigate the prey size preference already observed in wild pikeperch, during prey capture by intensively reared naive individuals. We investigated predation success, latency, number of attempts during the process, and size distribution, in a total of 152 foraging trials of 38 pikeperch fingerlings (mean TL = 90.65 mm) at three different prey sizes (predator–prey length ratio (PPR): 0.11, 0.22, 0.33). Although predation on medium–large prey was more successful overall, it was achieved in more attempts and with greater latency. Small prey was captured with the fewest attempts. These results suggest that when calculating prey size in the foraging training of pikeperch, it is recommended to use a 0.11–0.22 PPR less than the optimal PPR described for wild individuals.

Keywords

• foraging training
• <i>Sander lucioperca</i>
• prey size
• foraging success
• predator–prey length ratio