Influence of Surface Conditioning on the Repair Strength of Bioactive Restorative Material

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of surface treatment and repair material on the repair shear bond strength (SBS) of the bioactive restorative material. Methods: A total of 240 Activa BioActive Restorative (Activa) discs were prepared, aged, and polished, and divided randomly into eight groups ( n = 30). Groups 1–4 discs were repaired with bulk-fill flowable resin-based composite (Bulk-RBC), and Groups 5–8 discs with Activa. Surface treatment used for each repair material type were air abrasion with silica-coated 30-m Al 2 O 3 particles (air abrasion) (Groups 2 & 6), Air abrasion with universal primer (Groups 3 & 7), and Air abrasion with universal adhesive (Groups 4 & 8). Groups 1 and 5 were controls without surface treatment. SBS test was performed, and the failure mode and surface topography were assessed. Results: Surface treatment with air abrasion significantly improved the SBS for repair using both Activa and Bulk-RBC. Repair SBS using Activa was significantly higher compared with Bulk-RBC. Cohesive failure in substrate and mixed failures were most common in the surface-treated groups (2–4, 6–8). Air abrasion produced prominent surface topography changes compared with polishing. Conclusion: Air abrasion enhances the repair SBS of aged bioactive restorative material. The use of the same material (Activa) for repair affords a higher bond strength compared with the use bulk-RBC.