<p>Perbandingan efektivitas berbagai obat kumur terhadap kadar Imunoglobulin A pada saliva penderita karies</p><p>Comparison of mouthwashes effectiveness to the level of salivary immunoglobulin A in caries patients</p>

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Berbagai obat kumur banyak ditemukan di pasaran diantaranya klorheksidin, povidon iodin, cethylpiridinium chloride (CPC), dan oxygenating agent yang telah terbukti memiliki sifat antibakteri. Di dalam rongga mulut, Imunoglobulin A (IgA) pada saliva berfungsi sebagai pertahanan lokal melawan patogen mulut, sehingga mampu mencegah perkembangan karies. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas berbagai obat kumur terhadap kadar Imunoglobulin A pada saliva penderita karies. Metode: Penelitian yang dilakukan penelitian Randomized controlled trial (Uji klinik acak berpembanding), paralel dalam bentuk single blind. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sriwijaya yang menderita karies. Responden dipilih berdasarkan kriteria akan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok secara acak, yaitu kelompok 1 berkumur dengan akuades (sebagai kelompok kontrol), kelompok 2 berkumur menggunakan klorheksidin 0,2%, kelompok 3 berkumur dengan povidon iodin 1%, kelompok 4 berkumur dengan cetylpyridinium chloride 0,05%, dan kelompok 5 berkumur dengan dengan oxygenating agent 0,4%. Data dianalisa dengan uji t berpasangan dan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Hasil uji t tidak berpasangan dilihat bahwa semua kelompok pengguna obat kumur efektif dalam meningkatkan kadar IgA pada saliva penderita karies secara signifikan (p< 0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Peningkatan kadar IgA tertinggi adalah pada kelompok yang berkumur dengan CPC, diikuti dengan berkumur klorheksidin, povidon iodin, dan oxigenating agent. Simpulan: Obat kumur klorheksidin, povidon iodin, cethylpiridinium chloride, dan oxygenating agent efektif dapat meningkatkan kadar IgA pada saliva penderita karies. Kata kunci: Imunoglobulin A, karies, obat kumur. ABSTRACT Introduction: Various mouthwashes are circulating in the markets including chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, cethylpiridinium chloride (CPC), and oxygenating agent that have been shown to have antibacterial properties. In the oral cavity, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) serves as local defense againts oral pathogents, thus preventing caries development. This study was aimed to compared various mouthwashes on the level of salivary IgA in caries patients. Methods: This study was randomized controlled trial, paralleled in the form of single blind. Population of this study was as much as 100 students of Dentistry Study Program of Sriwijaya University with dental caries. Respondents were divided into 5 groups; group 1 was gargled with aquadest (control group), group 2 with 0.2% chlorhexidine, group 3 with 1% povidone iodine, group 4 with 0.05% CPC, and group 5 with 0.4% oxygenating agent. Data were analyzed by the paired t-test and independent t-test. Result: The results of unpaired t-test showed that all mouthwashes were effective in increasing the IgA levels of caries patients significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The highest IgA level increase was was found in the CPC group, followed by chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, and oxygenating agent. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, cethylpiridinium chloride (CPC), and oxygenating agent contained mouthwashes were able to increase the salivary IgA level of caries patients. Keywords: Immunoglobulin A, caries, mouthwash.