Frontiers in Veterinary Science (May 2021)
Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review
- Herbert F. Jelinek,
- Herbert F. Jelinek,
- Herbert F. Jelinek,
- Mira Mousa,
- Eman Alefishat,
- Eman Alefishat,
- Eman Alefishat,
- Wael Osman,
- Ian Spence,
- Dengpan Bu,
- Samuel F. Feng,
- Samuel F. Feng,
- Jason Byrd,
- Paola A. Magni,
- Paola A. Magni,
- Shafi Sahibzada,
- Guan K. Tay,
- Guan K. Tay,
- Guan K. Tay,
- Habiba S. Alsafar,
- Habiba S. Alsafar,
- Habiba S. Alsafar
Affiliations
- Herbert F. Jelinek
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Herbert F. Jelinek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Herbert F. Jelinek
- Center of Heath Engineering Innovation, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Mira Mousa
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproduction Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Eman Alefishat
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Eman Alefishat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Eman Alefishat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Wael Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Ian Spence
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Samuel F. Feng
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Samuel F. Feng
- 0Department of Mathematics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Jason Byrd
- 1Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Paola A. Magni
- 2Discipline of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Paola A. Magni
- 3Murdoch University Singapore, King's Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Shafi Sahibzada
- 4Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Guan K. Tay
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Guan K. Tay
- 5Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Guan K. Tay
- 6School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Habiba S. Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Habiba S. Alsafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Habiba S. Alsafar
- 7Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.644414
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 8
Abstract
Coronavirus infections have been a part of the animal kingdom for millennia. The difference emerging in the twenty-first century is that a greater number of novel coronaviruses are being discovered primarily due to more advanced technology and that a greater number can be transmitted to humans, either directly or via an intermediate host. This has a range of effects from annual infections that are mild to full-blown pandemics. This review compares the zoonotic potential and relationship between MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The role of bats as possible host species and possible intermediate hosts including pangolins, civets, mink, birds, and other mammals are discussed with reference to mutations of the viral genome affecting zoonosis. Ecological, social, cultural, and environmental factors that may play a role in zoonotic transmission are considered with reference to SARS-CoV, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 and possible future zoonotic events.
Keywords
