Интеллект. Инновации. Инвестиции (Nov 2019)
The problem of the value bases of culture in the context of the multicultural paradigm of global society
Abstract
Multiculturalism is a paradoxical result of globalization, since the integration processes that have covered almost all spheres of social life, have not led to the formation of a homogeneous cultural space, but, on the contrary, to a variegated collage of diversity of cultural patterns. Estimates of this phenomenon are contradictory. On the one hand, such diversity is seen as a kind of inversion of westernalism, a policy of cultural ghettos that perpetuate post-colonial inequality, and exotic boutiques of the global consumer market. On the other hand, the multicultural model of society sees colonization on the contrary, threatening the Western culture. Therefore, of particular importance is the study of the ontological foundations of multiculturalism as a space for the formation of the social nature of man in the era of globalization. In this context, the implicit contradiction of the idea of E. Giddens, who claims that the main value conflict of modern society occurs between fundamentalism, seeking to clear its own tradition of foreign cultural influence, and cosmopolitan tolerance, welcoming the cultural diversity of the world, is of interest. The analysis of this contradiction shows that the theory and practice of multiculturalism is the result of the deconstruction of the metaphysical vertical, which assumes the ontological distance between the existing forms and the ideological horizon of culture. Cultural features turn into forms of organization of group differences, and the empty level of meaningful values is occupied by attractors of mass consumption society. This combination of universalism of consumption standards with a variety of local forms of cultural differences forms a global multicultural society. It is proved that the denial of the universal cultural value horizon turns such a society into a repository of individual loci of culture. The ethical basis for the integrity of such a society is the principle of «strong tolerance», in the context of which the search for moral ideals loses its meaning, which destroys the cultural core of multiculturalism.
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