Integrated Palm Oil and Livestock Farming Enhances Productivity in Central Kalimantan

Abstract

This study, conducted in Kotawaringin Barat and Lamandau Districts of Central Kalimantan, aimed to investigate the patterns and implications of integrating oil palm cultivation with livestock farming. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including interviews and direct observations, three distinct integration patterns were identified: integrated (33.33%), semi-integrated (66.67%), and semi-integrated partnership (8.33%). The integrated pattern encompasses a closed-cycle system involving oil palm cultivation, cattle raising, complete feed processing, and organic fertilizer production. In contrast, the semi-integrated pattern harnesses only solid palm oil by-products for cattle feed and fertilizer blends, while the semi-integrated partnership involves collaborations between private palm oil entities and farmer groups, facilitating cattle and feed support. Remarkably, the application of produced organic fertilizer increased palm oil productivity by approximately 25% and yielded a benefit-cost (R/C) ratio of 4.0 for horticultural crops. Monthly organic fertilizer production ranged between 1-20 tons, with distribution across palm oil (33.3%), horticultural crops (8.3%), and other crops (58.3%). Additionally, liquid organic fertilizer production spanned 1000-4000 liters/month. The integrated approach, rooted in the palm oil sector, has led to the emergence of sustainable commercial units that bolster economic growth. Given its eco-friendly and popular adoption, formal legal backing from local authorities and further engagement between palm oil enterprises and farmer groups is recommended to ensure longevity and broader implementation.