L’épistémologie darwinienne de Karl Popper : Instruction et sélection

Abstract

‘Evolutionary epistemology’, of which Popper was one of the promoters, comprises two programmes : a ‘literal’ programme which consisted in recognising knowledge in terms of Darwinian adaptation, and a ‘analogical’ programme, which based itself on a comparison between scientific progress and the evolution of life-forms. Quine is credited with the ‘strong’ programme : the ‘naturalization’ of epistemology. Popper is supposedly responsible for the ‘weak’ programme. Why then draw inspiration from such an analogy to think about something as sophisticated as the ‘growth of scientific knowledge’? Such an analogy might have heuristic value, but the differences between science and evolution are so apparent that this approach quickly shows its limits. But the Popperian philosophy of evolution does not reduce itself to an analogy.