Evaluation of biopsychosocial model for pain management in post-oral cancer therapy patients

Abstract

Background. Approximately 50 % of cancer patients have pain in their daily lives, which is multifaceted sensation goes beyond basic biochemical signal of pain. Oral mucositis is one of the negative consequences with intense pain, discomfort, challenges in speaking and eating. These components collectively influence patient's total quality of life across mental, biological, social aspects. Biopsychosocial model (BPS) is an effective technique for understanding and addressing conceptualization and treatment of pain in cancer patients. The aim of this study is to assess efficacy of the BPS in managing post-cancer distress and potential to improve quality of life for individuals with cancer. Material and Methods. This study evaluated 30 cancer patients who completed radiotherapy and were referred from cancer hospital. The examination encompasses three distinct categories: biological, psychological, and social components. The biological aspect was documented based on mucosal lesions and VAS scores for individuals; followed by photo-biomodulation was given. Palliative care was provided in psychological aspect through implementation of exercise, meditation, music therapy. The social component encompasses community engagement, social activities, counseling services for family members. Patients were categorized into 3 groups – A, B, C. All three components were carefully evaluated and one-month follow-up was done. Results. The outcome derived from statistical analysis of the data collected from groups A, B, and C. When group A was compared to group B, there was 46 % increase in quality of life. When group C was compared to group A, 65 % of patients exhibited favorable quality of life. The average VAS score of patients decreased from 9.2 to 4.5 after Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), demonstrating gradual decrease in discomfort. P value showed statistically significant (<0.05). Conclusion. Healthcare providers can enhance their treatment efficiency, addressing root cause of illness, and enhance overall well-being by incorporating BPS into their practice. Addressing the various elements of biological, psychological, and social factors would have beneficial effect on overall quality of life.

Keywords

• oral cancer
• radiotherapy
• photo biomodulation
• biopsychosocial model
• quality of life