Oral Deliverable Mucoadhesive Chitosan-Salmonella Subunit Nanovaccine for Layer Chickens

Abstract

Sankar Renu, 1 Ashley D Markazi, 2 Santosh Dhakal, 1 Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa, 1 Revathi Shanmugasundaram, 2 Ramesh K Selvaraj, 3 Gourapura J Renukaradhya 1 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; 2Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 3Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USACorrespondence: Gourapura J RenukaradhyaFood Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USATel [phone]Fax [phone]Email [email protected] K SelvarajDepartment of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAEmail [email protected]: Salmonellosis in poultry is a serious economic burden. A major concern is the public health hazard caused by consumption of Salmonella-contaminated poultry products. Currently used Salmonella vaccines are ineffective in combating poultry Salmonellosis warranting the need of a potent vaccine, especially an oral vaccine that can elicit robust local intestinal immunity.Materials and Methods: A Salmonella subunit chitosan nanoparticles (NPs)-based vaccine was prepared that contained immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and -flagellin (F) protein (OMPs-F-CS NPs). OMPs-F-CS NPs were administered as an oral vaccine in layer chickens and the resultant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and localization of NPs were examined using standard detection methods.Results: We demonstrated targeting of surface F-protein coated chitosan NPs to immune cells when delivered orally to layer chickens, the particles were localized in ileal Peyer’s patches. The OMPs-F-CS NPs vaccinated layer chickens had significantly higher OMPs-specific mucosal IgA production and lymphocyte proliferation response. The candidate vaccine increased the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, IFN-γ, TGF-ß and IL-4 mRNA expression in chicken cecal tonsils.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the chitosan-based oral Salmonella nanovaccine targets immune cells of chickens and induced antigen-specific B and T cell responses. This candidate oral Salmonella nanovaccine has the potential to mitigate Salmonellosis in poultry.Keywords: chickens, chitosan nanoparticle, Salmonella antigens, oral delivery, mucosal immune response

Keywords

• chickens
• chitosan nanoparticle
• salmonella antigens
• oral delivery
• mucosal immune response.