Exercise Effects on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Evanthia Bletsa,
Evangelos Oikonomou,
Kyriakos Dimitriadis,
Panagiota K. Stampouloglou,
Christos Fragoulis,
Stavroula P. Lontou,
Emmanouil Korakas,
Eirini Beneki,
Konstantinos Kalogeras,
Vaia Lambadiari,
Konstantinos Tsioufis,
Manolis Vavouranakis,
Gerasimos Siasos
Affiliations
Evanthia Bletsa
3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Evangelos Oikonomou
3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Kyriakos Dimitriadis
1st Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokrateion General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Panagiota K. Stampouloglou
3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Christos Fragoulis
1st Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokrateion General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Stavroula P. Lontou
Heart and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokrateion General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Emmanouil Korakas
Cardiometabolic Disease Unit, 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Eirini Beneki
1st Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokrateion General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Konstantinos Kalogeras
3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Vaia Lambadiari
Cardiometabolic Disease Unit, 3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Konstantinos Tsioufis
1st Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokrateion General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Manolis Vavouranakis
3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Gerasimos Siasos
3rd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Disease Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is a dynamic process, which is characterized by changes in ventricular size, shape, and wall thickness, thus altering myocardial geometry and function, and is considered as a negative prognostic factor in patients with heart failure (HF). Hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity are strongly correlated with the development and the progression of LV remodeling, LV hypertrophy, and LV systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction. Indeed, the beneficial impact of exercise training on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been well-established. Recent studies have highlighted that exercise training enhances functional capacity, muscle strength and endurance, cardiac function, and cardiac-related biomarkers among patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) or HF, thus substantially improving their cardiovascular prognosis, survival rates, and need for rehospitalization. Therefore, in this review article, we discuss the evidence of LV remodeling in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, T2D, and obesity, and also highlight the current studies evaluating the effect of exercise training on LV remodeling in these patients.
