Effects of custom mold with peripheral textured surface foot orthosis on balance and physical function in subjects with chronic ankle instability

Abstract

Introduction: Currently, healthcare professionals recommend an initial conservative approach consisting of non-pharmacological approaches for chronic ankle instability. We developed a foot orthosis targeting both mechanical and functional instability in these patients, aiming to investigate its effects on balance and physical function. Methods: This research is a randomized controlled trial that included 45 young individuals who are active and have chronic ankle instability. The participants were recruited from sports clubs. The participants were separated into three groups: a control group without any intervention, a group prescribed with a custom mold foot orthosis, and a group prescribed with a custom mold with peripheral textured surface foot orthosis. Balance was assessed using single-leg balance and single-leg hop tests, while physical function was evaluated using the FAAM questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of covariance statistical test. Results: Both types of foot orthoses were found to enhance balance and physical function. The foot orthosis with peripheral textured surface exhibited superior results compared to custom mold foot orthosis, as it significantly increased the score of the single leg hop test (p=0.01) and the FAMM-sport section (p=0.002). Discussion: The foot orthosis with peripheral textured surface can potentially optimize the subtalar joint alignment and modify the sensory input generated by the activation of mechanoreceptors located in the sole region of the foot. This alteration may further enhance balance and physical function.

Keywords

• balance
• chronic ankle instability
• insole