Adherence to the nordic diet is associated with anxiety, stress, and depression in recovered COVID-19 patients, a case-control study
Asie Araste,
Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani Moghadam,
Kimia Mohammadhasani,
Mohammad Vahedi Fard,
Zahra Khorasanchi,
MohammadReza Latifi,
Elahe Hasanzadeh,
Nasrin Talkhi,
Payam Sharifan,
Parisa Asadiyan-Sohan,
Marjan Khayati Bidokhti,
Arezoo Ghassemi,
Reza Assaran Darban,
Gordon Ferns,
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Affiliations
Asie Araste
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani Moghadam
BSc. in Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences
Kimia Mohammadhasani
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science
Mohammad Vahedi Fard
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science
Zahra Khorasanchi
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
MohammadReza Latifi
International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Elahe Hasanzadeh
International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nasrin Talkhi
Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Payam Sharifan
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Parisa Asadiyan-Sohan
Departments of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University
Marjan Khayati Bidokhti
International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Arezoo Ghassemi
International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reza Assaran Darban
Departments of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University
Gordon Ferns
Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Abstract Background Follow-up of COVID-19 recovered patients to discover important adverse effects on other organs is required. The psychological health of COVID-19 patients may be affected after recovery. Aim We aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to the Nordic diet (ND) and psychological symptoms caused by COVID-19 after recovery. Method Dietary data on 246 qualified adults (123 cases and 123 controls). The dietary intake in this case-control study was calculated by a reliable and valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to analyze participant’s anxiety, stress, depression, sleep quality, insomnia, and quality of life of participants. Results There was a significant inverse relationship between total anxiety, stress, and depression scores and the intake of whole grains (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant inverse association between depression and fruit intake (P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between insomnia and sleep quality and the intake of root vegetables (P < 0.05). In the multinomial-regression model, a significant association between the Nordic diet and anxiety, stress, and depression was found only in the case group (OR = 0.719, 95% CI 0.563–0.918, p-value = 0.008; OR = 0.755, 95% CI 0.609–0.934, P-value = 0.010, and, OR = 0.759, 95% CI 0.602–0.956, P-value = 0.019 respectively). Conclusion Adherence to the Nordic diet might reduce anxiety, stress, and depression in recovered COVID-19 patients.
