Biological features of the growth and development of varieties of a peach in the conditions of the seaside lowland of a flat zone of Dagestan

Abstract

Relevance. The creation of the peach gene pool should be directed taking into account the specifics of the winter conditions of the subtropics of Russia.Methods. The aim of the research is to study the biological characteristics, phenological phases of peach varieties, their growth and development to optimize the distribution of plantings in industrial peach plantations in the conditions of South Dagestan. Long-term studies were carried out in 2015-2018 using generally accepted programs and classical methods of variety research and selection research.Results. The dates and durations of the passage of the main phenological phases of the development of introduced peach varieties are determined. Flower buds swell in 21 days, flower buds bloom in 7 days, flowering in 8 days, fruit ripen in 10 days. The expediency of peach cultivation in the southern lowland zone of the Republic of Dagestan is established. Resistance to various abiotic stress factors of the environment in modern conditions of climate change is determined. The relationship between the stages of the phenological phases and the calendar variability of these stages depending on the accumulation of the sum of effective temperatures are revealed; set biometric features of tree growth. This makes it possible to isolate varieties with moderate growth for compacted peach plantings in the conditions of Southern Dagestan.

Keywords

• peach
• the introduced grades
• the elevated system
• height of trees
• diameter of krone
• a circle of the stem