Axioms (Apr 2024)
Dynamic Analysis of a Delayed Differential Equation for <i>Ips subelongatus Motschulsky-Larix</i> spp.
Abstract
The protection of forests and the mitigation of pest damage to trees play a crucial role in mitigating the greenhouse effect. In this paper, we first establish a delayed differential equation model for Ips subelongatus Motschulsky-Larix spp., where the delay parameter represents the time required for trees to undergo curing. Second, we analyze the stability of the equilibrium of the model and derive the normal form of Hopf bifurcation using a multiple-time-scales method. Then, we analyze the stability and direction of Hopf bifurcating periodic solutions. Finally, we conduct simulations to analyze the changing trends in pest and tree populations. Additionally, we investigate the impact of altering the rate of artificial planting on the system and provide corresponding biological explanations.
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