Ecological and Pharmacological Activities of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) from the Indonesian Marine Sponge <i>Lamellodysidea herbacea</i>
Muhammad R. Faisal,
Matthias Y. Kellermann,
Sven Rohde,
Masteria Y. Putra,
Tutik Murniasih,
Chandra Risdian,
Kathrin I. Mohr,
Joachim Wink,
Dimas F. Praditya,
Eike Steinmann,
Matthias Köck,
Peter J. Schupp
Affiliations
Muhammad R. Faisal
Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Matthias Y. Kellermann
Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Sven Rohde
Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Masteria Y. Putra
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Tutik Murniasih
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Chandra Risdian
Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
Kathrin I. Mohr
Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
Joachim Wink
Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
Dimas F. Praditya
Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
Eike Steinmann
TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7–9, 30625 Hannover, Germany
Matthias Köck
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Peter J. Schupp
Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Two known Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (1d) and 3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (2b), were isolated from the Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea. The structure was confirmed using 13C chemical shift average deviation and was compared to the predicted structures and recorded chemical shifts in previous studies. We found a wide range of bioactivities from the organic crude extract, such as (1) a strong deterrence against the generalist pufferfish Canthigaster solandri, (2) potent inhibition against environmental and human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains, and (3) the inhibition of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The addition of a bromine atom into the A-ring of compound 2b resulted in higher fish feeding deterrence compared to compound 1d. On the contrary, compound 2b showed only more potent inhibition against the Gram-negative bacteria Rhodotorula glutinis (MIC 2.1 μg/mL), while compound 1d showed more powerful inhibition against the other human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The first report of a chemical defense by compounds 1d and 2b against fish feeding and environmental relevant bacteria, especially pathogenic bacteria, might be one reason for the widespread occurrence of the shallow water sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea in Indonesia and the Indo-Pacific.
