The first-order theory of ordering constraints over feature trees

Abstract

The system FT ≤ of ordering constraints over feature trees has been introduced as an extension of the system FT of equality constraints over feature trees. We investigate the first-order theory of FT ≤ and its fragments in detail, both over finite trees and over possibly infinite trees. We prove that the first-order theory of FT ≤ is undecidable, in contrast to the first-order theory of FT which is well-known to be decidable. We show that the entailment problem of FT ≤ with existential quantification is PSPACE-complete. So far, this problem has been shown decidable, coNP-hard in case of finite trees, PSPACE-hard in case of arbitrary trees, and cubic time when restricted to quantifier-free entailment judgments. To show PSPACE-completeness, we show that the entailment problem of FT ≤ with existential quantification is equivalent to the inclusion problem of non-deterministic finite automata.