Calculation of Three-dimensional Energy Product for Isotropic Nd₂Fe₁₄B Magnet

Abstract

A conventional energy product calculated by the product of the B-field and the H-field is not sufficient for representing the performance of a magnet because it considers the homogeneous and only the uniaxial magnetic properties of the magnet. The conventional energy product has been compared with another energy product obtained by integrating the scalar product of the B-field and the H-field of each cell composed of the three-dimensional components. We investigated a model system by micromagnetic simulation using finite differential method (FDM) and calculated the full hysteresis of the magnet. The model system of a Nd2Fe14B magnet composed of grains with a diameter of about 100 nm was assumed. In the case of the isotropic multi-grain magnet, the energy product calculated by the integration method was 28% larger than the energy product obtained by the conventional way, although a discrepancy between the distribution of the magnetizations and the demagnetizing fields at the reversal process resulted in the decrease of the energy product.

Keywords

• permanent magnet
• energy product
• micromagnetic simulation
• multidomain reversal